Falling in Love as Part of Natural Selection

Healthcare reform initiatives that have been implemented in the past 2

Healthcare reform initiatives that have been implemented in the past 2 Introduction For a long time now, the polarizing debate concerning the healthcare systems of the United States of America has never ceased. Some people have argued that the Americans receive the best health care in the world with reference to the freely available medical technology as well as the system’s highly emblematic state-of-the-art facilities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Healthcare reform initiatives that have been implemented in the past 2-3 years specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the contrast, others have pointed out that it is the most inefficient in the world with the government spending very much on healthcare yet the citizens are prone to inequality, uninsurance and administrative waste. As a result, the government of USA initiated reforms to be made in the health care systems in a bid to perfect it to becoming one of the best in the world. If implemented, the reforms will lead to the bigge st expansion of the Medicare to have existed in the last 45 years (Reid 21). This paper is therefore a discussion and identification of the health care reforms that have been implemented in the past 2-3 years. The provisions of health care reforms It is during his tenure that President Obama became the signatory of the health care reform legislation into law in March 2010 (Bunce 4). He did this by signing two federal statutes that were enacted in the same year. These are Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. According to the new law, the health care system is bound to improve such that more people become insured and ensure that quality services are offered among other stipulated reforms. The reform was planned to take part in two phases with the first phase taking place between 2010 and 2013. This has provisions for expanding the insurance option such that more people obtain medical covers. In the second phas e Organizations will be forced to make sure that they obtain insurance for their employees. Implemented Reforms Since the enactment of the provisions into law, most of the reforms have already taken place some of which include the following;Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There has been an extension on the coverage for young adults such that they can continue being on the plans of their parents until they are 26 years of age. This has ensured that the young adults continue to receive proper healthcare until the time when they get jobs and are now able to pay for their own insurance (Reid 34). The lifetime limit that was before imposed is no longer in place as insurance companies have been banned from enforcing the lifetime dollar limits they initially placed o services such as the stay in hospitals. At the present, there are about 4 million businesses that have been authorized to get credit to cater for the employer’s contribution with regard to the health insurance plans for employees. This therefore ensures that the small businesses afford the expected contribution to the health insurance firms. The new plans have free preventive procedures on health care. For instance mammograms and colonoscopies are provided free on charge without being deducted on the employees pay slips. The consumers are protected such that they can make appeals on issue concerning their insurance. The reforms have seen that the primary care medical doctors are encouraged through incentives such as having their number increased, being allocated assistants to help them among others (Network 1). On the same matter, those healthcare providers working in the rural areas are offered increased support to ensure that they increase their efficiency in those areas. As a result the whole population has access to proper health care. The reforms have also seen the implementa tion of funding for projects that are aimed at preventing disease through the health fund. This is done through the Public Health Fund that was begun in the year 2010 (Network 1). Other of the reforms that have been implemented and are already in action up to no include; Increased home options for the disabled people, aid for the seniors once they leave the hospital on stays, discounted costs on Medicare, improved accountability and creation for a center of Medicare and Medicare innovation just to mention but a few. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be clearly seen that the signing of the bills by President Obama was a big step towards the beginning of attainment of proper health care for the American citizens. Despite the many challenges such as political influences and legal challenges, some of the reforms have been already implanted. The fact that these reforms are many number means that they cannot be all implanted at once hence the reason for the phases put in place to ensure the implementations occur sequentially. However, at the time when all the documented reforms are implemented, then Americans will be enjoying the best health care system in the whole world. This is because the better part of the population will be insured and all having access to proper health care. Bunce, V. and Matthews, M. The 2008 presidential candidates on health care reform. Web. Network. What is changing already as the healthcare reform law is implemented? Web. Reid, T. The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper and Fairer Health Care. 2009. Penquin Books.

Applying the conceot of Positive Deviance Article

Applying the conceot of Positive Deviance - Article Example The patient developed septic shock after contracting an HAI called MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Tragic demise of my friend’s relative was an event which was preventable, but it happened because more attention was laid on treatment and less on prevention. Lack of awareness regarding HIAs is also a big problem. The need of the time is to use a different approach to handle the growing problem of HIAs as current approaches have had poor success in terms of outcomes. We need to bring in the method of PD to identify those individuals or positive deviants who are present in every community and who use unconventional practices or behaviors to successfully solve even the most intractable problems (Bradley et al., 2009). Such individuals offer better solutions than their peers who remain unsuccessful even while having access to same kind of resources. This is why PD is popularized as â€Å"a refreshing theory for social change† (Pascale et al., cited in Sellnow & Seeger, 2013). In order to prevent HIAs and address this grave healthcare issue, strategic initiatives should be taken based on introducing and promoting new behaviors till they transform into permanent habits and creating sustainable change. Research claims that one of the biggest hurdles in the way of PD is to get large numbers of people to quickly embrace a desired behavioral change (Seidman & McCauley, 2009, p. 27). Any behavioral change should be slowly â€Å"communicated over time among members of a social system† (Rogers, cited in Dingfelder & Mandell, 2011). This is called the process of diffusion. In case of HIAs, we should especially remember the famous awareness iceberg according to which crisis in the form of untimely death occurs because there is lack of awareness regarding the intensity of the issue in hospitals. Only 4% problems are visible or known to top managers. Remaining problems remain hidden under the water (Gardam, 2009). Research identifies an established

How Gender Roles Changed in the United States Over the Last Century Essay

How Gender Roles Changed in the United States Over the Last Century - Essay Example How Gender Roles Changed in the United States Over the Last Century In America, there have been drastic changes regarding the gender roles, notably in the last century. Such changes in the gender roles have affected the American society all round, starting from homes, schools, workplaces and even the government. Most of these changes have seen the female gender become more and more empowered and greatly involved in all issues of the society, which were previously reserved for men. Consequently, the gender constitution of workplaces and schools has changed, having more of the female gender being incorporated in areas that were previously dominated by the male gender only. While such changes have been welcome by many in the society, there did not lack some quarters from which resistance was experienced. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the resistance, the change in gender roles in the American society has occurred anyway. Then right to vote is one such change in gender roles that has occurred in the American society, in the last century. Previously, starting from the colonial times, women were not allowed to vote. However, this changed in 1920, with the 19th amendment to the US constitution, which allowed all genders to be involved in voting, without any discrimination, based on their sexes. This right was fought for by women parties and associations such as the Women suffrage and the National Women party, which sought to have women allowed to vote. The fight for the right to vote was speed up by the World War I, which was referred to, as the war for democracy. After the war ended, women undertook several protests to have them indulged in voting. Although, their protests were ignored for duration of six months, consistency in agitating and protesting eventually made the government agree to consider their grievances (David, 113). Eventually, the government agreed on the 19th amendment, which allowed wo men to be involved in voting, for all elective posts, both in the government and other organizations. This has acted as a major step towards enhancing equality for all genders, in matters to do with decision making, as earlier, only the male gender would be involved in such decision making, thus instilling their will on the female gender (Bailey, 36). The right to vote has allowed women not only vote for the members of the male gender, but also the female as well. This has allowed them get involved and represented in all spheres such as political, religious, social, and economic. Another major change in the gender roles is the roles played by women in the workplace currently, compared to the past centuries. There has been a great increase in the number of women at the workplace, who accounts for 47% of the entire American workforce currently (David, 65). By the year 1995, the percentage of women who were working away from their homes had increased to a tune of 76%. By the start of t he 20th century, women were not expected to be working and as such were meant to remain at home and undertake the domestic duties such as caring for children and performing other domestic chores such as cooking and washing. However, with increased access for education by the female gender, their

Health Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Article - Essay Example Recently in 2011, Normann Stadler, winner of Triathlon underwent a surgery for aortic aneurysm. Cardiac Elctrophysiologist, John Mandrola says that it is only obvious that there is a link between CVD and over exercising since the heart is being constantly inflamed and not being given the time to heal at all. Benjamin Levine, director of the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine in Dallas and professor of medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center is of the opinion that moderate levels of exercising lends protection from CVD’s but there is no upper limit to this exercising. Since recent studies find that marathon runners suffer from greater instances of coronary plaque and therefore the myth that running bestows a 100% protection must be debunked. Paul Williams, director of project called the National Runners Health Study studied 2377 runners and walkers and found that in 10 years 526 of them died and 71.5% of the death were from CVD’s. The most important conclusion of William’s study is that even though walking or running daily lend protection to the heart, if the distance of walking exceeded a daily limit of 10.7 km or that of running exceeded 7.1 km the person might suffer from CVD’s in the future. There is more than one example of endurance athletes falling prey to cardiovascular diseases in spite of training on a daily basis. Thus, the article clearly vindicates the statement that more exercise does not necessarily mean greater health and over-dose of daily exercises can potentially increase

Participation and Independence in Health and Social Care

Participation and Independence in Health and Social Care Analysis of how organizational systems and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service. Imran Table of Contents (Jump to) Explain factors that may contribute to loss of independence, non-participation, and social exclusion for vulnerable people Analysis how organizational systems and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service. 1.2 Analyse the presenting factors that may affect the self medicate. Question: Identify the risks that may occur. and What measures can be initiated to minimize risks? Question What you would consider to be the advantage and disadvantages of Jeans self medication Question: Do you think Jean should be encouraged for self medication. Give reasons for your answer Question 2: How will you support Mr H to meet his dietary needs? Question: Analyse how will you manage the tension to enable Mr H to cook his meal safely and your responsibility to ensure his safety and that of others. Question 3: Obtain a copy of your organizational risk assessment policy, procedure and analyse the effectiveness of policies procedure in management of risks (AC 3.2) Question 4: Identify and review current legislation, codes of practice, policy on medication administration in a residential home. Obtain copy of your organization policy and procedure, evaluate the effectiveness of the in line with health and social care requirements (AC 4.1 and 4.2) Question: analyse how national service standards promote safe practice in the handling of medication evaluate, using a known setting, the effectiveness of policies and procedures for administering medication in achieving best possible outcomes for service users Question 5: Communication is vital in health and social care, analyse how you can use the effective communication to promote and maximize the right of service -users in health and social care (AC 1.3) Question 6: Explain the factors that contribute to loss of independence, non participation and social exclusion of service (AC 2.1) References Case Study 1 Task -1 Explain how existing legislation and sector skills standards influence organizational policies and practices for promoting and maximising the rights of bob and other service users in similar situations. Also analyse how organizational system and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service (AC 2.1 and 2.2) 2.1 Explain factors that may contribute to loss of independence, non-participation, and social exclusion for vulnerable people Answer: In the given case Mr Bob Small is a individual with profound deaf (God Bless him) and he is out of work due to sickness related stress. He has got diabetic, suffererred stroke. His physical condition is such that he is not in a position of communicating with general people. Only someone has knowledge in communicating him with sign language can communicate. Or if he needs to go out and mix with others he needs someone who can help him for doing this for him. This is how he would have felt better, mix with other people. In addition when any individual is not physically well they do not feel like communicating with others. Doctors also suggest to take rest. However, as someone is not deaf or not able to speak or has problem with any other physical condition they can communicate their problem which does not happen for physically disadvantaged people. They need care and support from others. Legislation and national service standards: Care Standards Act and relevant current legislation including that for health and safety; Care Standards Commission, inspection processes Following describes a situation of Mr. Small on different issues: Goals of need Desired Outcome Ways of achieving it Who is responsible Time Scale Regular support Mr. Smalls day to day activities is smooth Regular support Government Regular Support in communication Mr Small can communicate with others Therapy Government Until he learns to communicate Encourage Mr. Small to communicate with others Mr Small is communicating with others Motivation Government Until he is comfortable to communicate Treatment Mr small is feeling better GP, Hospital treatment NHS Until he is well Loneliness Mr Small has companion in different times Mixing with people Government Regular Organizational system and processes are there to help anyone in the situation of Mr Small. Followings are the activities can be initiate to encourage individual to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service 2.2 Analysis how organizational systems and processes are managed to promote participation and independence of users of health and social care service. Answer Organization system and processes can promote Mr Smalls participation and independence or anyone like him who uses the service of social care by (Richards, 1996): 1. Ensuring the performance of the workers who will provide their service are up to the high standard and professional. They do their work in sincerely so that individuals with similar problem can find it motivating to mix with other. The social worker also can help the individual needs care with learning and showing how to communicate and mix with other. This will help to build their confidence for long time. 2. Organizations can provide the information about the individual needs care. Information will help the social worker and other related parties to decide what sort of service and care is needed by the service seeker 3. The organization system and processes can empower the social worker to take decision about the individual in need. So that in terms of the situational issues they can work accordingly. However there has to b enough safety steps and also the person providing social care has to be expert and professional in the job who has detail understanding of handling similar individuals. Case Study 2 1.2 Analyse the presenting factors that may affect the self medicate. Answer In case Ms. Jean Barlow following factors may affect the self medicate: In case of Ms Barlow she was a confident person but her confidence is shaken in 7 months hospital stay. She became nervous and less like to prove her confidence again immediately. Thus she needs a regular support Ms Jean Barlow usually was independent however her situation in the hospital caused her to be dependant. Which is a big factor for Ms. Barlow to affect her self medication Usual nurse support and staffing also play good part of for Ms. Jeans medication. If she is offered support nurse this may vary. Reason being service is not the same for all individual. It varies thus she may receive variety of service in this movement when she needs support. Level dependence also plays a good role in case of persons like Ms Barlow. It can be seen that she needs more support in the initial stages however she is coping with the situation and learning to manage things by herself as much as possible slowly. Health condition of Ms Barlow is also very important. When her health will improve her confidence will also improve. Thus in addition to the social care service it is highly important that she gets proper medication so that her medical condition is getting proper care to improve in time. Question: Identify the risks that may occur. and What measures can be initiated to minimize risks? Answer In case of situation like Ms Barlow there are following risks if not proper care are given. Steps to minimize the risks are also mentioned in the following table Risks involved What can be done to avoid the risks Losing confidence for longer period Enough measures and confidence building activities and mental support needs to be there to avoid this and help her recovering slowly Not have proper medication in time Train and show her how and when to what medicine. Be with her a for a while to show everything. Nervous breakdown There has to be continuous support and mental strength so that she does not reach such stage Never learn properly to be on her own By encouraging her to mix with others. So that she knows that she can manager is very important Forget full and lead to sever disease There has to be training and care so that she can practice to increase her memory Increased anxious person There can be medicine to mitigate her anxiousness. But more than that there has to be constant moral and physical support so that she does not reach such situation. Consider the results of the risk assessment and in writing accept the adequacy of the systems security, i.e., accept the residual risk and the selection of cost-effective controls. Commit to performing on-going, periodic risk management Question What you would consider to be the advantage and disadvantages of Jeans self medication Answer According to NCBI (2001) self medication is a very important and increasing area of healthcare in the UK. It has the following advantage according to the report of NCBI (2001) and WHO (2000): It helps Jean to be self confident It will help Jean to learn how to manage herself and see the result of managing herself with proper medication and feel better With a bit of clinical training by the support worker Jean will be able to manager her, light, medical issues, by herself Ms J Barlow will have more empowerment on herself and will also learn to take her own decision If there is any issue of minor illness Jean will not be panicked or anxious In the NCBI (2001) and WHO (2000) report following disadvantages are there in self medication: Jean may take wrong medicine unintentionally There may be mistake by Jean about the dose. She may take more or less and about the timing as well. If Jean cannot remember when she needs to and when actually does take medicine she may take more or less number and quantity of the medicine These can lead to health risk and also the risk of losing her confidence further on herself. Question: Do you think Jean should be encouraged for self medication. Give reasons for your answer Answer Ms J Barlow should definitely be encourage for self medication undoubtedly. Reasons are She needs to learn how to manager herself for the long time and always She must have her confidence back on herself. This is not only to reduce cost of social care on her but also to make Jean as a normal human being Jean must not be in a satiate where she is alone but very anxious. If she knows how to handle herself alone she will be strong in any satiation However above all the benefits there can be risk of doing that. Thus to avoid any risk proper initiatives has to be there so that it can sure that at least she knows what to do and how to seek help in case of severe situations. Her confidence needs to be built before she is on her own for the medication. Case Study 3: Question 2: How will you support Mr H to meet his dietary needs? Answer Following measures can be taken to help Mr. H with his food Mr H can be encouraged to cook on his own with continuous supervision from begging to end There has to be regular observation of his behaviour and someone knowledgeable and friendly, according to Mr H, has to be with him while he is cooking Otherwise Mr H can be provided with the food he wants Mr. H can also be discussed the benefit and the issues of the other food recommended by the dietician. But this has to be done in a time when Mr H is in proper mood Mr H can be constantly remind about things while he is cooking and also regarding his meal Question: Analyse how will you manage the tension to enable Mr H to cook his meal safely and your responsibility to ensure his safety and that of others. Answer: Safety is a vital issue for anyone. Specially when there is special medical care there is a increased need to be vigilant, observant of any risk of safety. Following things can be done so that Mr H can cook his meal safely and that does not hamper safety of others Someone has good relationship or rapport with Mr H should be there while he is cooking Someone knowledgeable will be there while he cooks so that the carer can identify the risk issue immediately and can take safety initiative The carer can encourage Mr H to behave normally and give the confidence the process can be done smoothly in a proper manner from the very beginning to end Mr H has right to learn to manage things on his own. Thus the carer must take care of that All the risky apparatuses should be kept in a place where Mr H cannot reach easily after finished using those Question 3: Obtain a copy of your organizational risk assessment policy, procedure and analyse the effectiveness of policies procedure in management of risks (AC 3.2) Answer: Agency must develop (SCEI, 2000), implement, and maintain a risk management/assessment program to ensure that appropriate safeguard measures are taken. Analysis of effectiveness of policies procedure in management of risks goes below: It is effective in the sense that it can handle both medical and physical situation of the social care service seeker It is safe for service seeker and providing officer It is vast and wide to cover all the health and security related issues while providing service It is effective overall Question 4: Identify and review current legislation, codes of practice, policy on medication administration in a residential home. Obtain copy of your organization policy and procedure, evaluate the effectiveness of the in line with health and social care requirements (AC 4.1 and 4.2) Answer: For this answer I will choose Dignity Care UK (2008). I will analyse their codes of practices, which is line with existing legislation in residential home (Miller, 1996): The support and care has to be effective, with care and professional Centre must not work with non-trained carer Centre must regularly monitor the situation of care providing by the carer staffs There has to be evidence before taking any action, if necessary, against carer There has to be regular supply of proper care to the individual needs help Centre must appoint assessors who can assess the caring situation and environment on a regular basis There will be proper and regular supervision and assessment The carer must to be qualified and fit for the job according to criteria of the organization The carer must maintain accurate record whenever necessary so that it can be evaluate later with senior staffs Explain the legislation, guidance, codes of practice and policy that apply to the handling of medication Question: analyse how national service standards promote safe practice in the handling of medication evaluate, using a known setting, the effectiveness of policies and procedures for administering medication in achieving best possible outcomes for service users Answer Aim of the policy of Dignity Care (2008) are Ensure that proper care are given to the individuals or advice seeker. There has to be good management of the situations of the clients, proper care for their medicines and health issues whenever necessary The policy is in line with National Service Framework for Older People, Commission for Social Care Inspection Professional Guidance for the Administration and Management of Medicines and the National Minimum Care Standards. There is a good standard of care set by the organization and it is followed always on regular basis Promote and maintain independence by advising service users about safety issues on their own medicine handling Encourage patients to be self sufficient whenever applicable Follow the rules of the UK legislation Continuous development of the service of the care worker Question 5: Communication is vital in health and social care, analyse how you can use the effective communication to promote and maximize the right of service -users in health and social care (AC 1.3) Answer: Communication helps social care providers to provide the best health service. This is very important. Communication is not in the sense of verbal discussion but also covers communicating with patients whatever forms it takes to do that. Following is the analyse how effective communication can be used effectively to promote and maximize the right of service -users in health and social care: Understand the right way of communication with different type of care seekers Follow the rules and regulations of the care providing agency so that a professional standards are met There has to be enough room and encouragement to the care service providers to give feedback to their agency office so that if there is change of carer same level of service is provided. It does not make any different for the care receivers Carer has to have the knowledge of policy of the organization Carer has to have the knowledge of legal requirements to communicate with the service seekers Carer must be trained properly to communicate with different types of care seekers Carer must understand the needs of development of his/ her communication with the care seeker. So that s/he can develop accordingly with the help of their head office Question 6: Explain the factors that contribute to loss of independence, non participation and social exclusion of service (AC 2.1) Answer In case of Mr H there is a room for loss of independence and non participation and exclusion from the society (Denham, 1997). Following issues can contribute to that (NCBI, 2001): Lack of communication ability with others Lack of ability to mix with others Lack of self control Health condition. Poor health condition leaves less room for the care seeker to think about other issues. Thus if Mr H is in good health he will feel good talking and mixing with others Change of carer. If there is always new carer comes to serve Mr H he may not feel comfortable equally with everyone. This may make him down mentally and he may not act the way he should Relationship with the carer. If the relation is not good there will not be any development in terms of providing the best care Shift pattern of the carer may not be as comfortable for the care seeker which may cause insecurity in his mind and make him dependants Anxiousness of the Mr H is also contribute to the fact that he is becoming less independent Mr Hs confidence level may contribute to the fact of being self confident. If Mr. Hs development is slow it can also cause insecurity in his mind and make him less able to manage himself. References: Denham M J, Continuing Care for Older People, Nelson Thornes, 1997, ISBN: 0748731822 Miller J, Social Care Practice, Hodder Arnold, 1996, ISBN: 034065516X Richards J, Caring for People A Lifespan Approach, Nelson Thornes, 1999, ISBN: 0748739009 Toft C, Care and Registered Manager’s Award at S/NVQ Level 4, Hodder Arnold, 2003, ISBN: 0340876050 http://www.dignityincare.org.uk/_library/Regional_Model_of_Good_Practice_Policy_for_Medication_-_Reviewed_08.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11735659 accessed on March 29, 2014 http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/pdf/h1462e/h1462e.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 http://arcuk.org.uk/publications/files/2011/03/Active-Support-Handbook.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/guides/guide17/files/guide17.pdf accessed on March 29, 2014 1

Essay --

Famine is one of the major sources of China's problem. The problem with the constant famines that China is always facing is that they are always facing the deprivation of food production and the lasting effects of this. The Chinese has always had a rapidly expanding population that food production had never been able to keep up with. It has stemmed multiple problems within the country. It has caused the major distrust of the government, as the government did nothing to help the populace. The famine was a major factor in the reason why the Chinese people did not start to fully modernize and industrialize till now. People have judged the former dynasties of China by their ability to meet and conquer great tragedies, China's current one being that of the ongoing famines that have continued to plague the country for centuries ever since early 19th Century. The role of Mao and the communist government, the ethics that effected the people and the last effects it has had on the country o f China. The first major famines that occurred in China were the known as the "four famines" that occurred in the early 19th century1 . These four famines had a death toll estimated at 45 million dead. The Qing Dynasty was a dynasty of much chaos, the multiple opium wars and the Taping Rebellion. The insuring famine that occurred during the conflict caused over 60 million dead. The Great North China Famine led to the death of 13 million people due to an ongoing drought that the Chinese people were not prepared to handle2. The constant failure of the current government has led to the deaths of millions, which has led the lower class peasant class of China to always have this sense of distrust with the current government, as they are never able to react... ...how the Soviets they were successful. Motivated by this reasoning, Mao choose to do nothing about the famine, claiming that his plan could never go wrong, that the Chinese Communist way was the only correct way. The inflexible Mao and his policies caused a decline in Chinas morality, that is apart of the continued cycle for each generation of the Chinese people. Each time the Chinese go into a major famine, we can see the change in government, this decline in a dynasty, that we have seen repeat itself throughout Chinas history. With Mao's death and the rise of western ideals in China, we can see that China has moved away from its Maoist ideals and moved towards a western model of government. No matter how long it takes the Chinese, I don't think they will ever forget these events in this history, always encouraging the new generation for change of a corrupt system. Essay -- Famine is one of the major sources of China's problem. The problem with the constant famines that China is always facing is that they are always facing the deprivation of food production and the lasting effects of this. The Chinese has always had a rapidly expanding population that food production had never been able to keep up with. It has stemmed multiple problems within the country. It has caused the major distrust of the government, as the government did nothing to help the populace. The famine was a major factor in the reason why the Chinese people did not start to fully modernize and industrialize till now. People have judged the former dynasties of China by their ability to meet and conquer great tragedies, China's current one being that of the ongoing famines that have continued to plague the country for centuries ever since early 19th Century. The role of Mao and the communist government, the ethics that effected the people and the last effects it has had on the country o f China. The first major famines that occurred in China were the known as the "four famines" that occurred in the early 19th century1 . These four famines had a death toll estimated at 45 million dead. The Qing Dynasty was a dynasty of much chaos, the multiple opium wars and the Taping Rebellion. The insuring famine that occurred during the conflict caused over 60 million dead. The Great North China Famine led to the death of 13 million people due to an ongoing drought that the Chinese people were not prepared to handle2. The constant failure of the current government has led to the deaths of millions, which has led the lower class peasant class of China to always have this sense of distrust with the current government, as they are never able to react... ...how the Soviets they were successful. Motivated by this reasoning, Mao choose to do nothing about the famine, claiming that his plan could never go wrong, that the Chinese Communist way was the only correct way. The inflexible Mao and his policies caused a decline in Chinas morality, that is apart of the continued cycle for each generation of the Chinese people. Each time the Chinese go into a major famine, we can see the change in government, this decline in a dynasty, that we have seen repeat itself throughout Chinas history. With Mao's death and the rise of western ideals in China, we can see that China has moved away from its Maoist ideals and moved towards a western model of government. No matter how long it takes the Chinese, I don't think they will ever forget these events in this history, always encouraging the new generation for change of a corrupt system.